The second major problem with worms as they are currently found is in the growth rates associated with the worms. Because the worms have a finite set of known attacks they can use, they have a limited pool of potential targets. As the worm grows rapidly, it consumes this pool of victims, removing them from the list of available machines.

The traffic associated with a worm grows exponentially, along with the population of the worm. This traffic growth leads to an increasing worm profile, meaning that it will be investigated proportionately to its degree of spread. This has been seen with worms such as Nimda and Code Red, which generated an immediate response as they spread so rapidly.

The next problem historically seen in Internet worms lies in the network topology the worm uses. Because worm nodes typically communicate in an open fashion, they reveal the locations of other nodes. The network topology typically seen for worms is a centrally connected system, with the Slapper worm’s use of a mesh network a recent advancement. The structure of the worm’s network leaves an open audit trail, allowing investigators to ascertain the spread of the worm and clean up.

And, finally, a worm that does utilize a database of affected hosts typically uses a central intelligence database. The central location means that the worm is open to full investigation. An attacker or investigator can easily enumerate all of the worm nodes and either overtake them or clean them up. This interesting facts are often being used as dissertation or essay material, for those who got issues for resource collecting and grammar, consider buy dissertation to solve all those problems.

Ramen was a monolithic worm, which is to say that each instance of an infected host has the same files placed on it with the same capabilities. There exists some flexibility by using three different attack possibilities and by compiling the tools on both RedHat Linux versions 6.2 and 7.0, but each set of files (obtained as the tar package “ramen.tgz”) is carried with each instance of the worm.

The reconnaissance portion of the Ramen worm was a simple set of scanners for the vulnerabilities known to the system. Ramen combined TCP SYN scanning with banner analysis to etermine the infection potential of the target host. It used a small random class B (/16) network generator to determine what networks to scan.

The specific attacks known to Ramen were threefold: FTPd string format exploits against wu-ftpd 2.6.0, RPC.statd Linux unformatted strings exploits, and LPR string format attacks.

The system’s intelligence database was updated using e-mail messages from the system once it was infected to two central e-mail addresses. The e-mail contains the phrase “Eat Your Ramen!” with the subject as the network address of the infected system. The mail spool of the two accounts was therefore the intelligence database of infected machines.

Unused capabilities can be summarized as the other two exploits not used to gain entry into the system, which allow for some flexibility in targeting either RedHat 6.2 or 7.0 default installations. Ramen did not contain any additional attack capabilities, such as packet flooding techniques, nor did it contain any file manipulation methods.

In analyzing the complexity of the Ramen worm the author has cobbled together several well-known exploits and worm components and as methods utilizing only a few novel small binaries. Examination of the shell scripting techniques used shows low programming skills and a lack of efficiency in design.

These findings have two ramifications. First, it shows how easy it is to put together an effective worm with minimal coding or networking skills. Simply put, this is certainly within the realm of a garden variety “script kiddy” and will be a persistent problem for the foreseeable future. Second, it leaves, aside from any possible ownership or usage of the yahoo.com and hotmail.com e-mail accounts, very little hard evidence to backtrack to identify the worm’s author.

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Some quick “back of the envelope” calculations from Tim Mullen illustrate the scale of the problem.1 In their work on the persistence of Code Red and Nimda, Dug Song et al. counted approximately 5 million Nimda attempts each day.

For each GET request sent by the worm that generated an answer, approximately 800 bytes were transferred across the network. This corresponds by quick estimation to about 32 gigabits transferred across the Internet per day by Nimda alone. In their study, Song et al. found that Code Red worms send more requests per day at their peak than Nimda worms did due to more hosts being infected over 6 months after the introduction of the worms.

This calculation ignores the labor costs associated with identifying and repairing affected systems, attacks that disrupt core equipment, and attempts at contacting the upstream owners of affected nodes. However, it does illustrate how much bandwidth, and thus money, is consumed every day by worms that persist for months after their initial introduction. Clearly the automated and aggressive nature of worms removes bandwidth from the pool of available resources on the Internet.

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Now the situation has changed. Broadband technologies have entered the common home, bringing the Internet at faster speeds with 24-hour connectivity. Operating systems and their application suites became network centric, taking advantage of the Internet as it grew in popularity in the late 1990s. And hackers decided to go for the number of machines compromised and not high-profile systems, such as popular Web sites or corporate systems.

The threat of attack is no longer the worry of only government or commercial sites. Worms now heighten this threat to home-based users, bringing total indiscriminacy to the attack. Now everyone attached to the Internet has to worry about worms.

The aggressiveness of the Code Red II worm is a clear sign that compromise is now everyone’s worry. Shortly after the release of Code Red, a study conducted by the networking research center CAIDA showed just how large scale a worm problem can be. Their estimates showed that nearly 360,000 computers were compromised by the Code Red worm in one day alone, with approximately 2,000 systems added to the worm’s pool every minute. Even 8 months after the Code Red worm was introduced several thousand hosts remained active Code Red and Nimda hosts.

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Integrity checkers must start with a perfectly clean, 100% virus-free system, it is impossible to understate this. The integrity checker initially computes and stores a checksum for each file in the system it’s watching. Later, a file’s checksum is recomputed and compared against the original, stored checksum. If the checksums are different, then a change to the file occured.

There are three types of integrity checker:
1. Offline. Checksums are only verified periodically, e.g., once a week.

2. Self-checking. Executable files are modified to check themselves when run. Ironically, modifying executables to self-check their integrity involves virus-like mechanisms. Self-checking can be done in a less-obtrusive way by adding the self-checking code into shared libraries.

In general, anti-virus software will perform integrity self-checking, regardless of the anti-virus technique it uses. The allure of attacking anti-virus software is too great to ignore.

3 Integrity shells. An executable file’s checksum is verified immediately prior to execution. This can be incorporated into the operating system kernel for binary executable files; the ideal positioning is less clear for other types of “executable” files, like batch files, shell scripts, and scripting language programs.

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Network itself rely on connection quality, which the first and still being used until now is cable. Cable itself also being used for common electric peripherals.

With cable of course the limits is the distance which are limited by the length of the cable. And it will cost more extra budget to buy long cable. Also in network we also know that we do need a hub or switch every 95 km to extend the network.

Those kind of problem were solve with wireless network devices. Without required lots of cable, and with simple installation, all we need is just configure the parameter, and also save more money to spend.

With wireless network, either way, required more safe security protection, why because the signal could be catched by anyone on the coverage area. Unlike the cable network which is install directly into specified users, wireless network divided by sequence of security, the most common security used are mac address filtering, and encripted password.

Thus, security just not enough, for better network coverage and connection access, limiting the bandwidth sent to users, and correct network planning are very helpful to establish stable network connection. For wireless network monitoring some program such as wireless survey software could help you monitor your network and control your network connection plans and its working in Mac environment as well.